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Bovicola bovis
''Bovicola bovis'' (also called ''Damalinia bovis'' and the red louse) is a cattle-biting louse found all over the world. It is a common pest of cattle of all types and sizes. They are one of many of the lice in the order Phthiraptera, but are divided from their blood sucking cousins in the sub-order Anoplura by the fact that they feed only by chewing. This makes ''B. bovis'' a member of the sub-order Mallophaga.〔Koepsell, J. 2003. (ADW: Bovicola bovis: INFORMATION ) ''Animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu'' Retrieved October 30, 2013〕〔Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. (ADW: Bovicola bovis: CLASSIFICATION ) ''Animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu'' Retrieved October 30, 2013〕
== Biology ==
These lice are composed of three major body regions: the head, thorax, and abdomen. The head of these lice is a dark red color while the rest of the body is yellowish-white. The abdomen has dark transverse bands that run horizontally across each segment along with sparse amounts of setae (hair-like structures). On average, these lice can span from 1-2mm in length as adults. They are dorso-ventrally flattened for ease of travel through the hairs of the host. ''B. bovis'' have one tarsal claw at the ends of their legs. They also have clubbed, filiform antennae that extend out the sides of their heads. These antennae commonly have three segments. These lice chew on their hosts, which means that they have mandibles for feeding. They do, however, lack the maxillae that are common to most insects that chew their food. These lice have spiracles located on the edges of each segment of the abdomen to allow the lice to breathe.〔Wikivet. (Bovicola bovis - WikiVet ) ''en.Wikivet.net'' Retrieved October 30, 2013〕〔University of Michigan. (Facts about Cattle Chewing Louse (Bovicola bovis) - Encyclopedia of Life ) ''Eol.org'' Retrieved October 30, 2013〕
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